The Tesoro dei Granduchi, formerly Museo degli Argenti, preserves a small but important nucleus of pre-Hispanic Indigenous artifacts from Mesoamerica (Aztec, Maya, and Mixtec cultural spheres), together with some colonial-period objects from New Spain. All of them come from the Medici collections and attest to the keen interest that various members of the Medici family had in collecting artifacts of American origin. The meticulous inventory records form an archival corpus of great importance, documenting one of the most significant episodes of Italian collecting of Indigenous American artifacts in the early modern period.