The group of artifacts of American origin belongs to the ethnographic collection of Giuseppe Cita Mazzini (1873–1953), donated to the civic museums in 1937. Born in Imola, he practiced medicine in the early twentieth century in Peru and Chile. He was an avid scholar of American culture and gathered various testimonies of it, spurred by the interests awakened by his travels in the Americas.
The collection is heterogeneous and includes pre-Columbian ceramics, bronzes, and textiles, as well as everyday objects and souvenirs, originating mainly from Amazonia (Ecuador), the central and southern Andes (Peru, Chile), and Austral America (Tierra del Fuego, Chile).