{"id":2584,"date":"2025-12-23T11:07:02","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T10:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/?page_id=2584"},"modified":"2026-03-02T07:53:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T06:53:17","slug":"bida-biti-the-music-of-the-spirits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/routes\/bida-biti-the-music-of-the-spirits\/","title":{"rendered":"B&#8217;ida, b&#8217;iti: the Music of the Spirits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid \" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8\" id=\"route-page-title\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"separator orange-separator normal   \" style=\"background-color: #D15325;height: 3px;\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  white-text vc_custom_1765270640082\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>Routes<\/h4>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"  style=\"height: 32px\" >\n\t<span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\">\n\t\t<span class=\"empty_space_image\"  ><\/span>\n\t<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div      class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid \" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div      class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid vc_inner \" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"route-name wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  white-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h1><strong>B&#8217;ida, b&#8217;iti: the Music of the Spirits<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h2>Musical instruments among the Otomi people of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico)<\/h2>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  white-text edited-by\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>Edited by <strong>Giulia Cantisani<\/strong> (University of Rome)<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Scroll editing by <strong>Chiara Florise Amadei<\/strong> (CNR ISPC)<\/h4>\n<h4>Revision &amp; accessibility by <strong>Alfonsina Pagano<\/strong> (CNR ISPC)<\/h4>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><div class=\"separator orange-separator-large normal   \" style=\"background-color: #D15325;height: 3px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\" id=\"route-description\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  white-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p>This route explores the ritual biography of a pair of pre-Hispanic musical instruments whose sound is still alive today among the Otomi people of the Sierra Madre Oriental, providing the rhythm for dances in honour of the entities located in the landscape. Every May 3rd, on the feast day of the Holy Cross, the vital energy of the instruments is renewed so that they become a powerful tool for connecting humans and spirits.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 600;\">Explore the scrolling journey to learn more!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class='q_elements_holder three_columns responsive_mode_from_768 explore-button margin-top-30' ><div class='q_elements_item ' data-animation='no' data-item-class='q_elements_holder_custom_291059'><div class='q_elements_item_inner'><div class='q_elements_item_content q_elements_holder_custom_291059'><a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/knot2025.shorthandstories.com\/bida-biti-the-music-of-the-spirits\/\" target=\"_blank\"  class=\"qbutton  default\" style=\"\">Explore (En)<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='q_elements_item ' data-animation='no' data-item-class='q_elements_holder_custom_444578'><div class='q_elements_item_inner'><div class='q_elements_item_content q_elements_holder_custom_444578'><a  itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/knot2025.shorthandstories.com\/bida-biti-la-m-sica-de-los-esp-ritus\/\" target=\"_blank\"  class=\"qbutton  default\" style=\"\">Explorar (Es)<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='q_elements_item ' data-animation='no' data-item-class='q_elements_holder_custom_770445'><div class='q_elements_item_inner'><div class='q_elements_item_content q_elements_holder_custom_770445'><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='q_elements_item ' data-animation='no' data-item-class='q_elements_holder_custom_571290'><div class='q_elements_item_inner'><div class='q_elements_item_content q_elements_holder_custom_571290'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\" id=\"map-column\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vc_single_image-wrapper   vc_box_border_grey\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36.png\" class=\"vc_single_image-img attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-700x394.png 700w, https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/36-539x303.png 539w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div      class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid \" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div id=\"ul-buttons-row\"     class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid vc_inner \" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\" id=\"ul-box\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner vc_custom_1768406487308\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  white-text bold-text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>References<\/h4>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><div class='q_elements_holder one_column responsive_mode_from_768 route-description-referral' ><div class='q_elements_item white-text reference-list' data-animation='no' data-item-class='q_elements_holder_custom_880323'><div class='q_elements_item_inner'><div class='q_elements_item_content q_elements_holder_custom_880323'><div class=\"q_list circle\">\n\t<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c1lvarez Fabela, R.L. 2010. \u2018\u201cNo pegue la cola, pegue pulm\u00f3n\u201d; representaciones simb\u00f3licas en el Santo Teponaztle de San Juan Atzingo\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Antropolog\u00eda. Revista interdisciplinaria del INAH<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, no. 90: 129\u201336. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/revistas.inah.gob.mx\/index.php\/antropologia\/article\/view\/2777\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/revistas.inah.gob.mx\/index.php\/antropologia\/article\/view\/2777<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Baez Cubero, L. 2012. \u2018Vistiendo Santitos\u2019. La Acci\u00f3n Ritual Vestir a Los Santos \u201cAntiguas\u201d Entre Los Otom\u00edes de Hidalgo\u201d\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estudios de Cultura Otopame<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 8 (1): 237\u201356.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bellomia, V. 2021. \u2018Sound Artefacts as Containers. The Materiality of Rhythm in Ancient Mesoamerica\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pallas. Revue d\u2019\u00e9tudes Antiques<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, no. 115.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bierhorst, J. 1985. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cantares Mexicanos , Songs of the Aztecs \/ Transl. from the Nahuatl, with an Introd. and Commentary by John Bierhorst<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Stanford: Stanford university press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. 2009. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ballads of the Lords of New Spain: The Codex Romances de Los Senores de La Nueva Espana<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Austin: University of Texas press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Botta, S. 2022. \u2018Zemi, Teotl, Huaca\u202f: Reconsidering Materiality through Three Emic Concepts in the New World\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Religion<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 52 (1): 48\u201366. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0048721X.2021.2011081\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0048721X.2021.2011081<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Broda, J. 2001. \u2018La Etnograf\u00eda de La Fiesta de La Santa Cruz: Una Perspectiva Hist\u00f3rica\u2019. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cosmovisi\u00f3n, Ritual e Identidad de Los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas de M\u00e9xico<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, eds. J. Broda, F. B\u00e1ez-Jorge, 165-238. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Broda, J., S. Iwaniszewski, A. Montero. 2001. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La montan\u0303a en el paisaje ritual<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Instituto Nacional de Antropolog\u00eda e Historia\u202f: Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades\u202f: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cantisani, G. 2024. \u2018El Espacio Abierto. Ritualidad y Movimiento Entre Los Otom\u00edes de La Sierra Madre Oriental (M\u00e9xico)\u2019. Doctoral thesis, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, \u00c9coles des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales, Paris.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Casta\u00f1eda, D., V. T. Mendoza. 1933a. \u2018Los Hu\u00e9huetls En Las Civilizaciones Precortesianas\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nales Del Instituto Nacional De Antropolog\u00eda E Historia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 4 (8): 287\u2013304.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. 1933b. \u2018Los Percutores Precortesianos En Las Civilizaciones Precortesianas\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nales Del Instituto Nacional De Antropolog\u00eda E Historia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 4 (8): 275-286.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. 1933c. \u2018Los Teponaztlis En Las Civilizaciones Precortesianas\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anales Del Instituto Nacional De Antropolog\u00eda E Historia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 4 (8): 5\u201380.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charlier Zeineddine, L., V. Vapnarsky. 2017. \u2018De l\u2019\u00e9vanescence et de la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 des choses (dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s am\u00e9rindiennes)\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/nuevomundo.70174\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/nuevomundo.70174<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Christensen, B. 1942. \u2018El Teponazlti de Xicotepec\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropol\u00f3gicos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 3: 177\u201384.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dow, J. 1974. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santos y Supervivencias. Funciones de La Religi\u00f3n Una Comunidad Otom\u00ec<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dur\u00e1n, D. 1994 [1581]. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The History of the Indies of New Spain<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ed. Doris Heyden. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fabre, D. 2014. \u2018La P\u00e9rennit\u00e9\u2019. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Par &#8211; Del\u00e0 Le Beau et Le Laid. Enqu\u00eates Sur Les Valeurs de l\u2019art<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, eds. N. Heinich, J-M. Schaeffer, C. Talon-Hugon, 83\u2013104. Rennes: PU Rennes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fagetti, Antonella, ed. 2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">X\u00fcnf\u00f6 D\u00ebni &#8211; Santa Rosa. Trance Enteog\u00e9nico y Ritualidad Otom\u00ed<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Puebla: Benemerita Universidad Autonoma De Puebla.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Galinier, J. 2004. \u2018D\u00e9truire pour conserver\u202f: notes sur l\u2019imagination mus\u00e9ographique en M\u00e9soam\u00e9rique\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anthropologie et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 28 (2): 101\u201319. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/010610ar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/010610ar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. 2018. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La mitad del mundo: cuerpo y cosmos en los rituales otomi\u0301es<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Centro de estudios mexicanos y centroamericanos, Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Hidalgo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gallop, R. 1940. \u2018Otomi Indian Music from Mexico\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Musical Quarterly<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 26 (1): 87\u2013100.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. 1990. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mexican mosaic: folklore and tradition<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. [1939]. London: Quiller Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garc\u00eda G\u00f3mez, A. 2013. \u2018M\u00fasica En La Conquista Espiritual de Tenochtitlan\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acta Musicologica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 85 (2): 169\u201385.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garc\u00eda T\u00e9llez, A.M. 2018. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c9crits: manuscrits \u00e0 miniatures otomi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Nanterre: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019ethnologie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garibay, A.M. 1973. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teogon\u00eda e Historia de Los Mexicanos\u202f: Tres Op\u00fasculos Del Siglo XVI<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Editorial Porr\u00faa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gell, Alfred. 1998. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Art and agency. An anthropological theory<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Oxford: Clarendon press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Henare, A., M. Holbraad, S. Wastell, eds. 2006. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thinking Through Things: Theorising Artefacts Ethnographically<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. London: Routledge.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Howell, M. 2003. \u2018Concerning the Origin and Dissemination of the Mesoamerican Slit-Drum\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Music in Art<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 28 (1\/2): 45\u201354. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41818456\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41818456<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ibarra Molina, F. F. 2022. \u2018La Fuerza de La Santa Tierra\u2019. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De Viva Voz. Cosmos, Vida y Sabidur\u00eda<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, ed. L. Raymundo Sabino, 140\u201348. Tenango de Doria, Ixmiquilpan: Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto Humboldt de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Humanidades.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le\u00f3n Portilla, M. ed. 2011. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cantares mexicanos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Edici\u00f3n, Paleograf\u00eda, Traducci\u00f3n y notas de M. L\u00e9on Portilla. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014\u2014\u2014. 2007. \u2018La M\u00fasica En El Universo de La Cultura N\u00e1huatl\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estudios de Cultura N\u00e1huatl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 38: 129\u201363.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lupo, A. 2021. \u2018Vestire Immateriali Presenze: Riflessioni Su Alcuni Oggetti Rituali Otom\u00ec Alla Luce de L\u2019oggetto Persona Di Carlo Severi\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">LARES<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 87: 17-30.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mart\u00ed, S. 1955. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentos musicales precortesianos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Instituto nacional de antropolog\u00eda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mendieta, J. de. 1971. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Historia Eclesi\u00e1stica Indiana; Obra Escrita a Fines Del Siglo XVI<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. [1870]. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Editorial Porr\u00faa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rainelli, F. 2019. \u2018Detra\u0301s de la ma\u0301scara: usos y significados del cuerpo en los rituales otomi\u0301 (Me\u0301xico)\u2019. Doctoral thesis, Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Padova, \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2019EHES0139\/document\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2019EHES0139\/document<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sahagu\u0301n, B. de. 1950. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">General History of the Things of New Spain\u202f: Florentine Codex<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Santa Fe &#8211; Salt Lake City: University of Utah. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/archive.org\/details\/generalhistoryof0000bern\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/archive.org\/details\/generalhistoryof0000bern<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salazar Peralta, A.M. 2008. \u2018El Teponaztli Nana de Tepoztl\u00e1n y Su Hijo En San Juan Atzingo\u2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estudios de Cultura Otompame<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 6: 213\u201324.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Saville, M.H. 1925. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The wood-carver\u2019s art in ancient Mexico<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Severi, C. 2017. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019objet-Personne: Une Anthropologie de La Croyance Visuelle<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Paris: E\u0301ditions Rue d\u2019Ulm\u202f: Muse\u0301e du quai Branly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starr, F. 1908. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Indian Mexico<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Chicago: Forbes and Company.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stevenson, R.M. 1968. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Music in Aztec &amp; Inca territory<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stresser-P\u00e9an, G. 2011. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">El Sol-Dios y Cristo: la cristianizaci\u00f3n de los Indios de M\u00e9xico vista desde la Sierra de Puebla<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">V\u00e9liz Ruiz Esparza, A., F. Zalaquett Rock. 2021. \u2018Sonidos Rituales En San Juan Atzingo: Un Estudio Sobre El Teponaztle (Santo Ndot Zandaa) Tlahuica\u2019. <i>Estudios De Cultura N\u00e1huatl<\/i> 61: 161\u201397.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tags-row\"     class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid  display-none\" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_raw_code wpb_raw_html wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"white-text\"><p>No tags available.<\/p><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div      class=\"vc_row wpb_row section vc_row-fluid \" style=' text-align:left;'><div class=\" full_section_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner vc_custom_1763454808281\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"separator  normal   \" style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Routes B'ida, b'iti: the Music of the Spirits Musical instruments among the Otomi people of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico) Edited by Giulia Cantisani (University of Rome) &nbsp; Scroll editing by Chiara Florise Amadei (CNR ISPC) Revision &amp; accessibility by Alfonsina Pagano (CNR ISPC) This...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1062,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2584","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-routes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2584"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3206,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2584\/revisions\/3206"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.knotproject.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}